The effectiveness of cybertherapy for the introvert and extrovert personality traits

Introduction: The cyberspace creates an infrastructure to build relationships, so the counseling practitioners has taken the initiative to maximize their services. An alternative service helps through this virtual interaction is created and practised. This virtual counselling service is known as cyber-counselling. So, there is a need to see the effectiveness of this cybertherapy service based on personality traits. The objectives of this study are to see the relationships or differences between personality trait in cyber-counselling approach. Methods: This quasi-experimental research applied the Non-Equivalent Pre & Post Test design. 60 research subjects are identifed and divided into the two groups the Face-to-Face approach and Cyber-counselling approach. Junior Eyneseck Personality Inventory was used to determined their personality traits and Client Satisfaction Inventory to determine the effectiveness of the therapy. Results: Pearson Chi-Square test shows that client satisfaction has no relationship on personality traits towards cybertherapy approach. Conclusion: Since the findings of this study are not in line with past literatures, some assumptions can be made regarding the findings of this study. Firstly, the distribution of the subjects based on personality traits can not be done in view of the ‘walk-in’ elements practiced in this study. Secondly, since the subjects are within the age of 13 to 17 years, the likelihood of the formation and development of their personality traits has yet to mature or steady, while the previous studies conducted on the study of adults

An enhancement of path selection to cluster head based on multi-hop routing in two-tier wireless sensor network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed wireless connection that consists many wireless sensor devices. It is used to get information from the surrounding activities or the environment and send the details to the user for future work. Due to its advantages, WSN has been widely used to help people to collect, monitor and analyse data. However, the biggest limitation of WSN is about the network lifetime. Usually WSN has a small energy capacity for operation, and after the energy was used up below the threshold value, it will then be declared as a dead node. When this happens, the sensor node cannot receive and send the data until the energy is renewed. To reduce WSN energy consumption, the process of selecting a path to the destination is very important. Currently, the data transmission from sensor nodes to the cluster head uses a single hop which consumes more energy; thus, in this paper the enhancement of previous algorithm, which is MAP, the data transmission will use several paths to reach the cluster head. The best path uses a small amount of energy and will take a short time for packet delivery. The element of Shortest Path First (SPF) Algorithm that is used in a routing protocol will be implemented. It will determine the path based on a cost, in which the decision will be made depending on the lowest cost between several connected paths. By using the MATLAB simulation tool, the performance of SPF algorithm and conventional method will be evaluated. The expected result of SPF implementation will increase the energy consumption in order to prolong the network lifetime for WSN

Self-organizing map (SOM) for species distribution modelling of birds species at Kenyir landscape

Identifying which biodiversity species are more dominant than others in any area is a very challenging task. This is because of the abundant of biodiversity species that may become the majority species in any particular region. This situation create a large dataset with a complex variables to be analysed. Moreover, the responds of organisms and environmental factors are occurred in a non-linear correlation. The effort to do so is really important in order to conserve the biodiversity of nature. To understand the complex relationships that exist between species distribution and their habitat, we analysed the interactions among bird diversity, spatial distribution and land use types at Kenyir landscape in Terengganu, Malaysia by using artificial neural network (ANN) method of self-organizing map (SOM) analysis. SOM performs an unsupervised and non-linear analysis on a complex and large dataset. It is capable to handle the non-linear correlation between organism and environmental factors because SOM identifies clusters and relationships between variables without the fixed assumptions of linearity or normality. The result suggested that SOM analysis was suited for understanding the relationships between bird species assemblages and habitat characteristics

Integrity among academics: concept, challenge and way forward

The degree of integrity among academics is yet to be determined because there is no proper instrument for such measurement. The purpose of this paper is therefore to identify elements that can measure integrity, as well as develop integrity framework or model. Among the themes discussed in this paper are, what are the theories, models and concepts related to integrity, previous studies on integrity and subsequent discussions on the development process of the model that are appropriate for measuring integrity. This concept paper concludes that integrity can be measured based on the values required for integrity. The implication of this concept paper is that the values that are inherent in a person determine their level of integrity. This concept paper recommends that integrity should be measured over time. It is not only to produce an index of integrity but also to remind academics of the appropriate values and practices in fulfilling their responsibilities. Furthermore, ongoing exposures to integrity instruments may prevent misconceptions about integrity that only associated with corruption, abuse of power, unprofessional and inaccurate matters in terms of duties, responsibilities, roles or positions held

Exploring The Impact of Causes Of Burnout on Motivational Elements in Learning Mathematics

The prevalence of burnout among students has emerged as a significant concern in educational settings, leading to adverse effects on their motivation, academic performance, and overall engagement. To investigate this issue, a quantitative survey study was conducted to explore how burnout impacts the motivational aspects of learning mathematics among pre-university students. The study's primary objectives were to understand how learners perceive motivational elements in their math education, identify the root causes of burnout, and examine the relationship between motivational factors and burnout experiences. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire focuses on getting responses regarding the instrument, which comprises three sections: the demographic profile, three key components of motivational elements (value, expectancy, and affective), and two components of burnout causes (exhaustion and disengagement) using a 5-point Likert scale. A total of 119 respondents from the Foundation in Science and Engineering programmes at the Centre of Foundation Studies, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, participated in the survey. The findings revealed that students who displayed a comprehensive grasp of foundational mathematics demonstrated higher levels of satisfaction and enthusiasm for acquiring new knowledge, prioritising meaningful learning experiences over mere grade attainment. Notably, the correlation analysis indicated a highly significant association between motivational elements and burnout causes, highlighting the interconnected nature of motivation and burnout. Furthermore, the results indicated that students exhibited a strong intrinsic goal orientation, valuing opportunities to gain knowledge and skills in mathematics. However, certain factors, such as reading difficulties and a lack of support, contributed to burnout and diminished motivation. Addressing these factors becomes crucial to cultivating a positive learning environment and enhancing students' performance in mathematics. The implications of this study extend to educators and policymakers, who can leverage these findings to develop strategies and interventions that foster student motivation, alleviate burnout, and promote engagement and achievement in mathematics. By addressing the identified burnout causes and enhancing motivational aspects, educational institutions can create a conducive and empowering learning environment for students, ultimately leading to improved academic outcomes and overall well-being

Effects of self-management program as adjunctive to usual rehabilitation exercise on pain and functional outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Background:Home-basedexercise(HBE)andpatient education (EDU) have been reported asbeneficial additions to usual knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rehabilitation. However, previous trials mostly examined the effects of HBE and EDU separately. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured combined HBE and EDU program in addition to usual KOA rehabilitation on pain score, functional mobility, and disability level. Study Design: A parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Methods: Eighty adults with KOA were randomly allocated to experimental (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. All participants underwent their usual physiotherapy care weekly for eight weeks. The experimental group received a structured HBE+EDU program to their usual care, while the control group performed home stretching exercises to equate treatment time. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for the disability level, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and timed up-and-go test (TUG) for mobility were measured pre-post intervention. Results: After eight weeks, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in the KOOS (all subscales), pain VAS, and TUG scores compared to baseline (P < 0.001); meanwhile, only KOOS (activities of daily living and sports subscales) was significant in the control group. Relative to the control, the experimental group presented higher improvements (P<0.001) by 22.2%, 44.1%, and 15.7% for KOOS, pain VAS, and TUG, respectively. Conclusion: Integrating the HBE+EDU program into usual KOA rehabilitation could reduce pain and disability, while it improved functional mobility. The finding of this study suggests a combination of a structured HBE and EDU program to be considered as part of mainstream KOA management

The Relationship between Salivary IgA and White Oral Lesion in Bedridden Patients

Abstract The worldwide increase in the aging population poses tough challenges to the health care community. Indeed, older age has been associated with increased burden of chronic diseases. A decline in the protective functions of the oral mucosa could expose the aging individual to a variety of pathogens and chemicals that enter the oral cavity. The role of mucosal immunity in the defence against pathogens is well established. However, there does not seem to be much research on the relationship between salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and white lesion particularly among geriatric residents of long-term health care. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the dominant immunoglobulin isotype on oral mucosal surface where it acts as a first line of defence against microbial invasion. Recent investigations suggest that secretory IgA concentrations vary over the day due to a range of variables including dietary factors, daily mood, and exercise. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of sIgA level, and salivary pH with white lesion in bedridden patients. In this study, salivary IgA was determined by ELISA in samples of 34 elderly ( 60-80 years old ) subjects grouped as male and female . Unstimulated saliva was collected, saliva flow, PH, and sIgA concentrations were measured. The results showed that the sIgA concentration was significantly higher in patients with white lesion (536.97±88.63) comparing to those with healthy mucosa (323.79±64.01) , and there is no significant difference of sIgA concentration between male (476.46±145.58) and female (396.83±108.09). We concluded that early detection of oral health problems especially white lesion can be determined by the assessment of the sIgA level. This would reflect the salivary IgA protective mechanism in patients with white lesion problems

A framework for complaints and suggestions management system (CSMS) and e-CSMS

Complaint is occurred when the provided services or products are unsuccessfully fulfilled the customer’s requirements and needs. Understanding the customer’s need is very important for the organization in purpose to deliver the best quality of services and products. Complaint and suggestion also closely related to quality management while sometimes, it has not been taken seriously by some organization especially in the government sector. Therefore, this project is done to derive a solution regarding to this matter by formulating CSMS (Complaint and Suggestion Management System) framework and a prototype of complaint and suggestion management online system, e-CSMS. Four case studies are done to achieve the best result of this project objective. This project is emphasized on the governmental services sector in handling complaints and suggestions whereby it is different from the private sector which is more profit centric. Hopefully, the result of this project will give a beneficial contribution for complaint and suggestion management system in order to improve the quality of services in government sector

Job characteristics affecting employees' job involvement in fast food industry

Employees' job involvement has been found decreasing over the change of time. Therefore, the issue relates with employees‟ job involvement is getting concern from other researchers due to lack of previous studies done for it. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factor of job characteristics model (JCM) (skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback of the job) that affects KFC fast food restaurant employee job involvement in Malaysia. In this research project, quantitative method has been used as method of questionnaire in order to collect data from respondents. Questionnaires were administrated in KFC fast food restaurant in Rawang Branch, Selangor. Besides that, questionnaire also was distributed by using closed-ended question method. The pilot test has been conducted to analyses the reliability of the question before actual study. This research used Pearson correlation coefficient to analyses 86 responses from the questionnaire obtained. Moreover, multiple regressions revealed that the five sources of factors (skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback of the job) had significant positive relationship with employee job involvement in Malaysia. Furthermore, this research also will explore which factor in JCM will affect employees‟ job involvement in KFC fast food industry in Rawang, Selangor